Clasificación por métodos moleculares de cepas de de trypanosoma spp aisladas en colombia y evaluación morfométrica

Mediante el empleo de técnicas de PCR-RFLP se caracterizaron tres cepas de tripanosomas aisladas de bovinos de diferentes regiones de Colombia, a partir de amplificaciones de la región 18S de la subunidad ribosomal del rDNA del parásito. Para el PCR inicial se emplearon los primers específicos nF2 y nR3, y sobre el producto obtenido de 756 pb se realizó un PCR semianidado con los primers NF2 y NR2 de la misma región. Se obtuvo un producto 650 pb sobre el cual se realizó el análisis de restricción con las enzimas MspI y Eco57I, lo que permitió clasificar las tres cepas analizadas como Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma evansi y Trypanosoma theileri. El estudio morfométrico permitió corroborar diferencias morfológicas entre los parásitos clasificados. Se discute el uso de la técnica de PCR-RFLP como herramienta diagnóstica de la tripanosomosis bovina en Colombia

Global Production Increased by Spatial Heterogeneity in a Population Dynamics Model

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are often described as important factors having a strong impact on biodiversity. The effect of heterogeneity is in most cases analyzed by the response of biotic interactions such as competition of predation. It may also modify intrinsic population properties such as growth rate. Most of the studies are theoretic since it is often difficult to manipulate spatial heterogeneity in practice. Despite the large number of studies dealing with this topics, it is still difficult to understand how the heterogeneity affects populations dynamics. On the basis of a very simple model, this paper aims to explicitly provide a simple mechanism which can explain why spatial heterogeneity may be a favorable factor for production.We consider a two patch model and a logistic growth is assumed on each patch. A general condition on the migration rates and the local subpopulation growth rates is provided under which the total carrying capacity is higher than the sum of the local carrying capacities, which is not intuitive. As we illustrate, this result is robust under stochastic perturbations

Magnetic properties of X-Pt (X=Fe,Co,Ni) alloy systems

We have studied the electronic and magnetic properties of Fe-Pt, Co-Pt and Ni-Pt alloy systems in ordered and disordered phases. The influence of various exchange-correlation functionals on values of equilibrium lattice parameters and magnetic moments in ordered Fe-Pt, Co-Pt and Ni-Pt alloys have been studied using linearized muffin-tin orbital method. The electronic structure calculations for the disordered alloys have been carried out using augmented space recursion technique in the framework of tight binding linearized muffin-tin orbital method. The effect of short range order has also been studied in the disordered phase of these systems. The results show good agreements with available experimental values.Comment: 21 pages, 4 eps figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics Condensed Matte

Espectro de sensibilidad a acaricidas de una colonia de la garrapata Boophilus microplus establecida en el Piedemonte Llanero.

Una colonia de la garrapata del ganado Boophilus microplus, mantenida en el laboratorio sin contacto con acaricidas durante aproximadamente 13 generaciones, fue evaluada en su espectro de sensibilidad a los ixodicidas amitraz, clorfenvinfos, coumafos, ethion, cipermetrina y deltametrina, utilizando las pruebas in vitro de inmersión de adultos y la de inmersión de larvas. Se encontraron diferencias en las respuestas acorde con el método de evaluación, siendo más certera la prueba de inmersión de teleoginas. El análisis próbit para las pruebas de inmersión de adultos demostró que la dilución del producto que produjo 99 por ciento de control sobre el parámetro eficacia reproductiva (dilución para la dosis efectiva (DE) 99) para los acaricidas amitraz, clorfenvinfos, coumafos, ethion y deltametrina, fue más alta que la recomendada por las casas productoras, demostrando así la susceptibilidad de la colonia evaluada a estos productos. Para el caso de la cipermetrina se encontró que la dilución correspondiente a la DE 99 fue más baja, sugiriendo que esta colonia presenta resistencia a este producto, pero el resultado no es estadísticamente significativo. En las pruebas de inmersión de larvas, la dilución para la DE 99 fue más baja que la recomendada por las casas farmacéuticas, en todos los productos, excepto el ethion. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados y la falta de asociación entre los 2 tipos de pruebas (r elevado a la 2 igual a 0.004), se concluye que el tiempo de inmersión utilizado en las pruebas con larvas no fue el adecuado, creando así la necesidad de reforzar la investigación básica sobre la estandarización de estos métodos en el laboratori

Dirac-Hestenes spinor fields in Riemann-Cartan spacetime

In this paper we study Dirac-Hestenes spinor fields (DHSF) on a four-dimensional Riemann-Cartan spacetime (RCST). We prove that these fields must be defined as certain equivalence classes of even sections of the Clifford bundle (over the RCST), thereby being certain particular sections of a new bundle named Spin-Clifford bundle (SCB). The conditions for the existence of the SCB are studied and are shown to be equivalent to the famous Geroch's theorem concerning to the existence of spinor structures in a Lorentzian spacetime. We introduce also the covariant and algebraic Dirac spinor fields and compare these with DHSF, showing that all the three kinds of spinor fields contain the same mathematical and physical information. We clarify also the notion of (Crumeyrolle's) amorphous spinors (Dirac-K\"ahler spinor fields are of this type), showing that they cannot be used to describe fermionic fields. We develop a rigorous theory for the covariant derivatives of Clifford fields (sections of the Clifford bundle (CB)) and of Dirac-Hestenes spinor fields. We show how to generalize the original Dirac-Hestenes equation in Minkowski spacetime for the case of a RCST. Our results are obtained from a variational principle formulated through the multiform derivative approach to Lagrangian field theory in the Clifford bundle.Comment: 45 pages, special macros kapproc.sty and makro822.te

A voxel-wise assessment of growth differences in infants developing autism spectrum disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous developmental disorder typically diagnosed around 4 years of age. The development of biomarkers to help in earlier, presymptomatic diagnosis could facilitate earlier identification and therefore earlier intervention and may lead to better outcomes, as well as providing information to help better understand the underlying mechanisms of ASD. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of infants at high familial risk, from the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS), at 6, 12 and 24 months of age were included in a morphological analysis, fitting a mixed-effects model to Tensor Based Morphometry (TBM) results to obtain voxel-wise growth trajectories. Subjects were grouped by familial risk and clinical diagnosis at 2 years of age. Several regions, including the posterior cingulate gyrus, the cingulum, the fusiform gyrus, and the precentral gyrus, showed a significant effect for the interaction of group and age associated with ASD, either as an increased or a decreased growth rate of the cerebrum. In general, our results showed increased growth rate within white matter with decreased growth rate found mostly in grey matter. Overall, the regions showing increased growth rate were larger and more numerous than those with decreased growth rate. These results detail, at the voxel level, differences in brain growth trajectories in ASD during the first years of life, previously reported in terms of overall brain volume and surface area

Hot Electron and X-ray Production from Intense Laser Irradiation of Wavelength-Scale Polystyrene Spheres

Hot electron and x-ray production from solid targets coated with polystyrene-spheres which are irradiated with high-contrast, 100 fs, 400 nm light pulses at intensity up to 2×1017 W/cm2 have been studied. The peak hard x-ray signal from uncoated fused silica targets is an order of magnitude smaller than the signal from targets coated with submicron sized spheres. The temperature of the x-rays in the case of sphere-coated targets is twice as hot as that of uncoated glass. A sphere-size scan of the x-ray yield and observation of a peak in both the x-ray production and temperature at a sphere diameter of 0.26 μm, indicate that these results are consistent with Mie enhancements of the laser field at the sphere surface and multipass stochastic heating of the hot electrons in the oscillating laser field. These results also match well with particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction

Drainage And Sedimentary Response Of The Northern Andes And The Pebas System To Miocene Strike-slip Tectonics: A Source To Sink Study Of The Magdalena Basin

Miocene strike-slip tectonics was responsible for creating and closing short-lived (ca. 6 Ma) passages and the emergence of isolated topography in the Northern Andes. These geological events likely influenced the migration and/or isolation of biological populations. To better understand the paleogeography of the Miocene hinterland and foreland regions in the Northern Andes, we conducted a source-to-sink approach in the Magdalena Basin. This basin is located between the Central and Eastern Cordilleras of Colombia and contains an ample Miocene record, which includes Lower Miocene fine-grained strata and Middle Miocene to Pliocene coarsening-up strata. Our study presents a new data set that includes detrital U–Pb zircon ages (15 samples), sandstone petrography (45 samples) and low-temperature thermochronology from the Southern Central Cordillera (19 dates); which together with previously published data were used to construct a paleogeographical model of the Miocene hinterland and foreland regions in the Northern Andes. The evolution of the Magdalena Basin during the Miocene was characterized by playa and permanent lake systems at ca. 17.5 Ma, which may be related to a marine incursion into NW South America and western Amazonia. The appearance of Eocene to Miocene volcanic sources in the Honda Group after ca. 16 Ma suggests the development of fluvial passages, which connected the Pacific with the western Amazonia and Caribbean regions. These passages were synchronous with a time of Miocene exhumation and topographic growth (ca. 16 to 10 Ma) in the Central Cordillera and the transition from lacustrine to fluvial deposition in the Magdalena Basin. Middle to Late Miocene strike-slip deformation promoted by oblique plate convergence and the oblique collision of the Panamá-Chocó Block likely explains the synchronous along-strike fragmentation and exhumation in the Central Cordillera

Response to comment on 'Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity'

Lambert et al. question our retrospective and holistic epidemiological assessment of the role of chytridiomycosis in amphibian declines. Their alternative assessment is narrow and provides an incomplete evaluation of evidence. Adopting this approach limits understanding of infectious disease impacts and hampers conservation efforts. We reaffirm that our study provides unambiguous evidence that chytridiomycosis has affected at least 501 amphibian species